Nagoya DMC — agent guide

The numbered cards above show what we package in Nagoya; this section explains how each experience actually runs on the ground — the timing, the ticketing, the guiding and the type of client each one suits. Nagoya sits in Chubu and the Japan Alps, where Mt Fuji, castle towns and snow-country villages turn a city trip into a journey. Because Nagoya runs on Japan's four-season temperate calendar, the headline windows are cherry blossom in late March and April and autumn foliage in November, with clear dry winters and hot, humid summers between. Every program below is operated at net rates with transfers and licensed guides included, and the trade desk will combine any of them into half-day, full-day or multi-day modules within 24 hours of your enquiry.

Nagoya Castle

Nagoya Castle belongs on every first-time Nagoya itinerary, and on plenty of repeat ones too. The site works at two speeds: a 45-minute highlights walk for time-poor clients, or a full immersive visit with a specialist guide for culture-led travellers. We always assign guides licensed for the site and matched to the language of your source market, because the stories are the product here. Mornings beat both the heat and the crowds; tickets and any photography permissions are arranged in advance, and the visit pairs naturally with a nearby lunch stop our team pre-books.

Guides make this experience, so we assign them by source market: English as standard, with Mandarin, Russian, Arabic, German, French and other major languages available on request for Nagoya Castle. Briefings happen before day one, not in the vehicle. If your clients have mobility needs, young children or a photography obsession, tell the trade desk at booking and the Nagoya team will shape the pacing accordingly.

As an upsell, Nagoya Castle works hardest in combination: pair it with one of the other experiences on this page sharing the same geography and the same vehicle, and the half-day price of each drops while the day reads as a richer product on your itinerary. Our Nagoya planners build those pairings daily and will flag the natural matches on the quotation unprompted. Private upgrades, extended dwell time and meal add-ons are itemised separately, so you choose the margin architecture rather than inheriting ours.

SCMAGLEV & Railway Park

SCMAGLEV & Railway Park sells itself on the photograph, but in Nagoya it delivers far more than the shot. We treat it as a set-piece: confirmed tickets, a guide who knows where to stand and when, and transfer logic that means clients experience the best stretch once, well, rather than twice in a rush. Timetables rule this product, so we anchor the surrounding day to the departure rather than squeezing it between other stops. It suits history buffs, photographers and multigenerational groups equally — one of the few attractions with genuinely universal appeal across source markets.

For agents, the commercial logic is simple: SCMAGLEV & Railway Park is contracted at net rates with tickets, transfers and guiding bundled into one line on the quotation. You set your own margin. We confirm availability within 24 hours, issue vouchers your clients can show on a phone, and absorb the small operational hiccups — a late pickup, a weather swap — through the Nagoya ground team without bothering you or your client.

As an upsell, SCMAGLEV & Railway Park works hardest in combination: pair it with one of the other experiences on this page sharing the same geography and the same vehicle, and the half-day price of each drops while the day reads as a richer product on your itinerary. Our Nagoya planners build those pairings daily and will flag the natural matches on the quotation unprompted. Private upgrades, extended dwell time and meal add-ons are itemised separately, so you choose the margin architecture rather than inheriting ours.

Toyota Commemorative Museum

Toyota Commemorative Museum is the cultural centrepiece that separates Nagoya from a generic stopover. We sell it as a story, not a checklist: the guide sets the scene before arrival, the walk-through follows the narrative rather than the shortest route, and clients leave understanding why this place mattered. Allow up to two hours; less does it a disservice. Our desk handles entrance tickets, any required dress standards and the timed-entry rules that apply on peak dates. For incentive groups we can arrange enhanced visits — special access or expert talks — quoted per program through the trade desk.

Operationally, Toyota Commemorative Museum runs from any Nagoya hotel with pickup times confirmed the evening before. Arrival is via NGO Chubu Centrair International, and with 30 min from NGO to the city centre, the excursion day is planned around realistic, GPS-tracked drive times rather than brochure optimism. Your clients get a named driver, a licensed guide where the program includes one, and the 24/7 desk number printed on every voucher.

For the photographers in the group — and every group now has them — Toyota Commemorative Museum has its golden minutes, and our Nagoya guides know precisely when they fall in each season. We will happily shift a pickup by forty minutes to put your clients in the right light, because the images they bring home are the most persuasive marketing your agency never had to commission. Tripods, drone rules and photography permissions vary by site; flag serious photographers at booking and the desk pre-clears what can be pre-cleared.

Atsuta Shrine

Atsuta Shrine is the spiritual anchor of any Nagoya program, and it rewards being treated as more than a photo stop. We schedule it for early morning, when the light is soft, the heat is manageable and the coach groups have not yet arrived, and we pair it with a licensed guide who can read the iconography rather than recite dates. Dress codes are enforced at active religious sites — shoulders and knees covered — so we brief clients the evening before and keep sarongs in the vehicle. Entrance tickets, where charged, are pre-issued by our desk so nobody queues at a window.

Every booking for Atsuta Shrine sits under the watch of our 24/7 operations desk. If weather, closures or a delayed flight into NGO Chubu Centrair International disrupt the plan, the Nagoya team re-sequences the day in real time and tells your client what happens next before they have time to worry. You receive a short written note when anything material changes — no surprises in the post-trip debrief.

Format matters as much as content here. Atsuta Shrine runs as a join-in departure for cost-conscious FIT, as a private program for families and couples who want the pace to themselves, and as a marshalled group module for series and incentive files in Nagoya. The experience is the same; the wrapping and the price point differ, and the desk quotes all applicable formats side by side. Tell us the manifest and the budget band, and the recommendation comes back with reasoning attached, not just a number.

Osu shopping district

Osu shopping district rounds out the Nagoya portfolio — one of those flexible experiences that adapts to whatever the itinerary needs. We slot it as a half-day module with hotel pickup, a licensed guide and all entrance formalities pre-cleared, so it can anchor a quiet day or fill the gap between headline excursions. Timing is tuned to the season and the crowd patterns our local team tracks week by week. It suits mixed groups well because the pace is adjustable, and it gives repeat visitors something beyond the obvious circuit. Net rates and combination pricing come back from the trade desk within 24 hours.

Operationally, Osu shopping district runs from any Nagoya hotel with pickup times confirmed the evening before. Arrival is via NGO Chubu Centrair International, and with 30 min from NGO to the city centre, the excursion day is planned around realistic, GPS-tracked drive times rather than brochure optimism. Your clients get a named driver, a licensed guide where the program includes one, and the 24/7 desk number printed on every voucher.

As an upsell, Osu shopping district works hardest in combination: pair it with one of the other experiences on this page sharing the same geography and the same vehicle, and the half-day price of each drops while the day reads as a richer product on your itinerary. Our Nagoya planners build those pairings daily and will flag the natural matches on the quotation unprompted. Private upgrades, extended dwell time and meal add-ons are itemised separately, so you choose the margin architecture rather than inheriting ours.

Beyond the headline experiences, the Nagoya ground team keeps a longer menu of excursions, private dining set-ups and special-interest programs that never make it onto a public page — golf days, photography mornings, faith-based visits and teambuilding formats among them. If your client brief does not match anything above, describe it to the trade desk and we will build it. And because Nagoya sits within easy reach of Mt Fuji & Fuji Five Lakes and Takayama, most of these experiences can be woven into a wider Chubu & the Alps routing without repositioning hotels every night.

Seasonality decides whether a Nagoya program delights or disappoints, so here is the honest month-by-month picture our operations team works from. Because Nagoya runs on Japan's four-season temperate calendar, the headline windows are cherry blossom in late March and April and autumn foliage in November, with clear dry winters and hot, humid summers between. Use it to set expectations at the point of sale — clients forgive weather they were warned about and never forgive weather they were promised away.

January in Nagoya

Clear, cold and dry in Nagoya: crisp days of 2–10°C, the year's best visibility (prime Mt Fuji clarity), winter illuminations and low-season value. Lock in hotels for any sakura-adjacent dates early. Vehicle dispatch runs to the season: earlier starts in summer heat, winter-experienced drivers when snow is likely. Booking note: confirm rooms 60–90 days out for this window.

February in Nagoya

Still cold and dry in Nagoya with bright skies and few crowds. Plum blossoms open late in the month, a quiet prelude to the sakura rush, and rates remain at their friendliest. Vehicle dispatch runs to the season: earlier starts in summer heat, winter-experienced drivers when snow is likely. Booking note: family demand spikes — reserve connecting rooms early.

March in Nagoya

Spring arrives in Nagoya: mild 10–16°C and the cherry blossoms beginning late in the month. Demand surges as sakura approaches — book six to nine months out for blossom dates. Our operations desk re-checks every transfer and rail leg against the live conditions each morning this month. Booking note: peak-season cut-offs bite — confirm in writing to protect yourself.

April in Nagoya

Sakura peak in Nagoya: mild 15–20°C, cherry blossoms at their height and the busiest, most beautiful window of the year. Golden Week closes the month with a domestic demand spike. Hotel materialisation deadlines bite hardest in this window — the desk flags every cut-off date in writing. Booking note: ideal for honeymoon upgrades at shoulder pricing.

May in Nagoya

Fresh, pleasant Nagoya at 18–23°C — fresh greenery, comfortable touring and thinning crowds after Golden Week. One of the most underrated months to sell. Excursion capacity is managed day by day, with weather swaps decided before clients reach the lobby. Booking note: peak-season cut-offs bite — confirm in writing to protect yourself.

June in Nagoya

Early summer in Nagoya brings the short rainy season (tsuyu): warm 23–26°C with humid spells and showers between bright days. Hydrangeas peak; build flexible afternoons into the program. Hotel materialisation deadlines bite hardest in this window — the desk flags every cut-off date in writing. Booking note: family demand spikes — reserve connecting rooms early.

July in Nagoya

Hot, humid summer in Nagoya at 28–33°C, the rains easing into festival season — fireworks (hanabi) and summer matsuri light up the evenings. Start sightseeing early and plan cool breaks. Vehicle dispatch runs to the season: earlier starts in summer heat, winter-experienced drivers when snow is likely. Booking note: confirm rooms 60–90 days out for this window.

August in Nagoya

Peak summer heat in Nagoya, 30–34°C and humid, with the Obon holiday mid-month tightening domestic travel. Festivals abound; air-conditioned timing and early starts are essential. Guide allocation tightens in busy weeks, so language requests should travel with the booking, not after it. Booking note: rail seats and flights fill before hotels do — sequence transport first.

September in Nagoya

Warm easing to comfortable in Nagoya, 25–30°C, though early autumn carries some typhoon risk. Crowds thin and the first hints of foliage appear in the north. Guide allocation tightens in busy weeks, so language requests should travel with the booking, not after it. Booking note: keep one flex day in the program for weather swaps.

October in Nagoya

Crisp, clear autumn in Nagoya at 18–23°C — superb touring weather as the foliage begins. The second peak season after sakura; quote leaf-colour dates carefully. Hotel materialisation deadlines bite hardest in this window — the desk flags every cut-off date in writing. Booking note: confirm rooms 60–90 days out for this window.

November in Nagoya

Autumn foliage peak in Nagoya: cool 12–18°C, brilliant maple colour and clear skies. Rivalling sakura for beauty and demand — confirm rooms and guides well ahead. On the ground, drivers and guides are confirmed the evening before each program day, whatever the month. Booking note: confirm rooms 60–90 days out for this window.

December in Nagoya

Cold, clear and dry in Nagoya: 5–12°C, sparkling winter illuminations and the year's best Mt Fuji views. Christmas–New Year demand peaks hard, so confirm rooms and vehicles early. Excursion capacity is managed day by day, with weather swaps decided before clients reach the lobby. Booking note: keep one flex day in the program for weather swaps.

Shopping in Nagoya

Shopping in Nagoya is part of the itinerary, not an afterthought — clients measure a destination partly by what they carry home. The venues below are the ones our local team actually sends people to, with honest notes on what each does best. We fold shopping stops into touring days at natural points, advise on tax-free procedures for overseas visitors, and can arrange luggage forwarding for bulky finds so the purchase never becomes a baggage problem.

Local shopping streets. shotengai arcades in Nagoya; we fold it into touring days at net rates so agents keep the margin. Regional crafts. traditional local products; ask the trade desk how it pairs with the day programs above.

Dining in Nagoya

Ask anyone who has been what they remember about Nagoya and the food arrives in the first sentence. The listings below are our team's working shortlist — the places we send our own staff. We schedule dining experiences when each venue is at its natural best, secure reservations that fill weeks ahead, and always carry the dietary notes from your booking so nobody ends up stranded at a feast. From standing sushi counters to celebration kaiseki and Michelin tables, the spread suits every file.

Local specialities. regional dishes of Nagoya — bookable through our desk with transfers timed to your program. Izakaya dining. casual Japanese pub fare — our local team confirms timings and holds space on peak dates.

Wellness in Nagoya

A spa or onsen afternoon is one of the easiest upsells in Nagoya — low effort, high delight, healthy margin. The houses listed below are vetted for standards, not just decor, and our guides brief the bathing etiquette that makes the experience comfortable for first-timers. For wellness-led clients we go further: ryokan onsen nights, forest-bathing mornings and practitioner-led programs, all quoted net through the trade desk.

Onsen & sento. hot-spring bathing culture — our local team confirms timings and holds space on peak dates. Gardens & temples. calm green spaces; ask the trade desk how it pairs with the day programs above.

Entertainment in Nagoya

Evenings and recreation are where Nagoya programs win their reviews, because a memorable night out lands hard. The options below cover families, couples and groups; our role is matching the right venue to the right manifest and running the transfers so the evening never ends with a taxi negotiation. We brief honestly on tone — what suits children, what does not — so your recommendation always lands well.

Seasonal festivals. nagoya matsuri and events; ask the trade desk how it pairs with the day programs above. Local nightlife. bars and izakaya — our local team confirms timings and holds space on peak dates.

Dietary note for agents: Nagoya leans on regional specialities — Hida beef, alpine river fish, fermented flavours — so vegetarian, vegan and halal clients need a guide who knows the right kitchens, and ours do. Ryokan kaiseki can be adapted with advance notice, and we brief each property on the route so dietary requirements from your booking follow the client to every table.

These three sample programs show how we typically sequence Nagoya for the trade — a tight first-timer format, a complete stay and a regional combination. All are templates, not fixed products: the trade desk re-times, re-prices and re-routes them around your clients flights, budget and pace, and returns a fully-costed quotation within 24 hours.

Classic Nagoya — 3 days

The essential first-timer format: arrival, the headline sights and a structured farewell, built around NGO Chubu Centrair International.

• Day 1: Arrival via NGO Chubu Centrair International — meet and greet, private transfer (30 min from NGO to the city centre), hotel check-in and an easy evening orientation walk with dinner recommendations.
• Day 2: Full guided day pairing Nagoya Castle with SCMAGLEV & Railway Park — early start to beat heat and crowds, vetted local lunch, licensed guide throughout and the vehicle on standby all day.
• Day 3: Flexible final morning around Toyota Commemorative Museum or free time for the hotel pool, late checkout where contracted, then a timed transfer back to NGO Chubu Centrair International against the flight schedule.

Net-rate note: the 3-day format prices keenly because one vehicle and one guide cover the whole program — ask the desk for the per-person tiering at 2, 4 and 6 pax.

Complete Nagoya — 5 days

The full destination at a humane pace, with a free day that protects satisfaction scores and invites upsells.

• Day 1: Arrival via NGO Chubu Centrair International, private transfer and check-in; sunset welcome moment and a briefing pack with the week mapped out day by day.
• Day 2: Signature day: Nagoya Castle in the morning light, then SCMAGLEV & Railway Park in the afternoon — guide, tickets and lunch all pre-arranged at net rates.
• Day 3: Second excursion day built around Toyota Commemorative Museum with Atsuta Shrine woven in — paced for photography and unhurried stops rather than a checklist sprint.
• Day 4: Free day with optional add-ons: Osu shopping district, spa time, a cooking class or a guided market morning — each bookable as a same-week module through our desk.
• Day 5: Slow breakfast, a last look at the neighbourhood, then the airport transfer to NGO Chubu Centrair International timed against the live flight number by the 24/7 desk.

Net-rate note: five-day programs unlock better hotel tiers — the per-night contract rates improve at 4+ nights in most Nagoya properties we hold.

Combination — 7 days with Mt Fuji & Fuji Five Lakes and Matsumoto

The regional best-of: Nagoya anchored with its Chubu & the Alps neighbours Mt Fuji & Fuji Five Lakes and Matsumoto, one ground team handling every leg.

• Day 1: Arrive via NGO Chubu Centrair International; private transfer, check-in and an easy first evening in Nagoya to shake off the flight.
• Day 2: Headline Nagoya day: Nagoya Castle plus SCMAGLEV & Railway Park with licensed guide, entrance tickets and a vetted lunch stop included.
• Day 3: Morning at Toyota Commemorative Museum, afternoon transfer toward Mt Fuji & Fuji Five Lakes — luggage handled, same coordinator, scenic stop en route where the road allows.
• Day 4: Full day in Mt Fuji & Fuji Five Lakes: its signature experiences operated by the same regional team, so vouchers, guides and standards stay consistent.
• Day 5: Onward leg to Matsumoto with a guided highlight on arrival — the day is built around one unhurried transfer, not two rushed ones.
• Day 6: Matsumoto at full depth — we pick the two strongest experiences for your client profile and keep the evening free.
• Day 7: Return transfer and departure via the most sensible gateway for the routing — the desk sequences flights so nobody backtracks.

Net-rate note: multi-stop programs are where a DMC earns its keep — one invoice, one coordinator, contracted rates on every leg. Send your dates and the trade desk returns the full costing, hotel options included, within 24 hours.

The same destination sells completely differently to different files, so here is how our team positions Nagoya segment by segment. Nagoya sits in Chubu and the Japan Alps, where Mt Fuji, castle towns and snow-country villages turn a city trip into a journey, which shapes who books it and why.

Families in Nagoya

Families are won or lost on pacing, and Nagoya paces well when the program respects nap times, meal times and attention spans. We anchor family days around Nagoya Castle and SCMAGLEV & Railway Park, both of which hold children's interest without exhausting the adults, and we keep drive segments short with snack-and-bathroom logic built into the route sheet. Hotels are chosen for interconnecting rooms, pools with shallow ends and breakfast that small people will actually eat. Guides briefed for multigenerational groups adjust commentary on the fly — facts for grandparents, games for the kids — and every quotation flags which experiences carry minimum ages.

Honeymoons & couples in Nagoya

Honeymooners buy mood, and Nagoya delivers it when the program protects privacy and timing. We build couple-first days around Nagoya Castle in the soft early light and Atsuta Shrine timed for golden hour, with private vehicles and guides throughout — no shared minivans on a honeymoon, ever. Room-level details carry the romance: high-floor or view categories negotiated at contracting, petals-and-sparkling staging on arrival night, and one show-stopper dinner reserved before the couple even lands. The trade desk flags every honeymoon booking so the ground team treats it as the once-in-a-lifetime file it is.

Luxury & VIP in Nagoya

Luxury clients forgive nothing and remember everything, so our Nagoya VIP programs are engineered backwards from the failure points. Arrival is met airside where the airport allows it; vehicles are late-model, chilled and stocked; and the itinerary holds white space deliberately — affluent travellers buy freedom, not density. Around that frame we stage the destination at its best: Toyota Commemorative Museum privately and unhurried, Nagoya Castle with the access and timing money is supposed to buy. Hotel placement leans on our top-tier contracts, and a senior coordinator owns the file from first transfer to final lounge.

Groups & MICE in Nagoya

For groups and MICE planners, Nagoya is a logistics equation before it is a destination — and we solve it daily. Coach fleets, hotel blocks, manifest changes at midnight and a gala venue that photographs well in the post-event report: all handled by one Explera project team with a single point of contact. Toyota Commemorative Museum converts into a strong group excursion with marshalled timing, and Nagoya Castle adapts to teambuilding or hosted formats at scale. Site inspections are arranged for serious files, costing is itemised per pax band, and every program carries a contingency layer the delegates never see.

Adventure & active in Nagoya

Active clients want their pulse raised and their logistics invisible, and Nagoya obliges on both counts. We build adventure programs around Nagoya Castle — operated with proper safety briefings, quality equipment and guides certified for the activity — and layer in SCMAGLEV & Railway Park for variety. Fitness levels are collected at booking, honest difficulty grades go on every quotation and there is always a plan B when weather closes a route. Early starts are the norm: the best conditions, the emptiest trails and the coolest hours all live before 9am, and adventure clients are the one segment that never complains about it.

Getting there

Nagoya is reached via NGO Chubu Centrair International, and the transfer logic is simple once it is operated properly: 30 min from NGO to the city centre. Explera meets every arrival with a name board, a GPS-tracked vehicle from our own fleet — sedans, vans and coaches scaled to the manifest — and an English-speaking driver monitored against the live flight number, so delays cost your client nothing but the delay itself. Onward connections from other Japan regions are sequenced by the trade desk: we will tell you frankly whether the shinkansen, a domestic flight or a private road transfer serves the routing best, and we price each option side by side on the quotation.

Getting around

On the ground in Nagoya, we mix the rail network with private vehicles: trains and the shinkansen handle the long, fast legs while a dedicated car or van with a driver who knows the back ways covers the touring days, with fuel, parking and waiting time included so the vehicle stays with the group. Local colour — a tram ride, a ropeway, a market walk — is woven in deliberately where it adds to the story. For evening outings the same driver returns, which clients notice and appreciate.

Where to stay — areas

Three placement logics cover Nagoya. The central or station area concentrates hotels, dining and transfers — the default for first-timers and anyone prioritising convenience. The waterfront or resort edge trades a central address for sea views, calm and resort grounds; couples and long-stay files settle here. The quieter outskirts and nearby bays hold boutique and onsen stock for travellers touring by private vehicle anyway. We contract the strongest property in each band and will say plainly which suits your client.

Practical notes for agents

Practical notes for agents: lead times in Nagoya run short for ground arrangements — 72 hours covers most standard programs — but peak-season hotel space wants 60–90 days. Vouchers are issued per service and honoured on a phone screen; rooming lists can change up to materialisation deadlines we state plainly at confirmation. Every file carries the 24/7 desk number, every driver is briefed the evening before, and anything that goes sideways is fixed first and reported to you in writing afterwards.

The sakura (late March–April) and autumn-foliage (November) peaks are when everyone wants Nagoya, so work 90–120 days ahead for those windows and longer over the year-end holidays. Summer and winter departures confirm comfortably inside 30–60 days, often with negotiable extras attached. National peaks — cherry-blossom season, Golden Week (late April–early May), Obon (mid-August), the autumn foliage and the year-end stretch — tighten availability everywhere, Nagoya included; add 30 days to every lead time when a program touches them.

Cancellation awareness protects your margin: our standard ground arrangements in Nagoya carry humane cut-offs that we state in writing on every quotation, but peak-date hotel space and event tickets often carry stricter, supplier-imposed terms — we flag those lines explicitly so nothing hides in the fine print. Where a client books early and the market softens, we will tell you; repricing honesty is cheaper than a lost partner.

For agencies running Nagoya as a programmed destination, series allotments are the lever: committed seat-and-room blocks across a season give you guaranteed space in the tight windows and protected rates when walk-in prices spike. The trade desk builds allotment proposals around your expected volumes, with sensible release-back dates so unsold space never becomes your problem. One conversation in the contracting season saves fifty availability emails in the selling season.

The booking flow itself is built for trade speed: enquiry to fully-costed Nagoya quotation within 24 hours, confirmation on your written acceptance, and vouchers issued per service so your clients carry proof of everything on a phone screen. Payment terms are agreed at partnership level rather than per file, deposits scale with how far out the booking sits, and the 24/7 desk owns every confirmed program from the first transfer to the last — which is why late changes are absorbed rather than litigated.

On the water around Nagoya, the rules we operate by are simple and non-negotiable: reef-safe sunscreen briefed to every manifest, no anchoring on coral — our crews use moorings or drift — no touching or feeding marine life, and group sizes that respect the fragile sites we visit. Marine-park fees are paid in full, because that money is the reef's budget. Nationwide, we honour Japanese etiquette as policy: shrine and temple decorum briefed in advance, quiet on public transport, photography permissions secured first, and overtourism hotspots timed to off-peak hours — anywhere in Japan, regardless of what a cheaper supplier offers.

Explera's wider policy travels with every Nagoya booking: single-use plastics minimised on our vehicles and boats, licensed local guides on every program because livelihoods matter as much as commentary, and honest pre-trip briefings that turn clients into better guests. We publish these standards to partner agencies because they increasingly win the booking — European and Australian markets in particular now ask, and we would rather you answer with specifics.

For agents, this is sellable substance rather than compliance wallpaper: name the etiquette-first guiding, the community-revenue model and the licensed-guide rule in your Nagoya proposals and watch conversion improve with exactly the clients who spend most. The trade desk can supply the wording, the supporting details and per-program specifics for tender documents and sustainability questionnaires on request.